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Snakes – Part 2

Herpetoculture

Pensacola Jr College

Classification

w    Class Reptilia

w        Order Squamata

w            Suborder Serpentes

•    Family Pythonidae

•    Family Boidae

•    Family Typhlopidae

•    Family Colubridae

•    Family Elapidae

•    Family Viperidae

Primitive Snake Forms (boas and pythons)

w    Fewer / larger head scales

w    Narrower ventral scutes than in advanced snakes

w    Vestigial hind limbs (spurs, larger in males)

w    Coronoid bone present

w    Two lungs present

Family Pythonidae = pythons
27 species

Family Pythonidae

w    Range: Africa, SE Asia, Australia, Central America (mostly Old World)

w    Physical characteristics:

•    Primitive snake form

•    Short tail with paired subcaudal scutes

•    Premaxillary teeth

 

Family Pythonidae

w    Habitat: rainforest and scrublands

w    Arboreal, terrestrial, or burrowing

w    Feeding: mammals and birds killed by constriction

w    Oviparous, many females protect eggs (a few incubate)

Ball Python

Reticulated Python

Burmese Pythons (+ albino)

Carpet Python

Green Tree Python

African Burrowing Python

Mexican Burrowing Python

Sunbeam Snake

Family Boidae =
boas and anacondas
39 species

Family Boidae

w    Range: N and S America, Africa, Asia (mostly New World)

w    Physical characteristics:

•    Primitive snake form

•    Long tail with single subcaudal scutes

•    No premaxillary teeth

•    Heat pits on lips

Family Boidae

w    Habitat: deserts to forests

w    Terrestrial, arboreal, burrowing, or aquatic

w    Feeding: vertebrate prey, killed by constriction

w    Ovoviviparous, up to 80 offspring with no further parental care

Green Anaconda

Green Anaconda

Boa Constrictor

Coastal Rosy Boa

Emerald Tree Boa

Amazon Tree Boa

Rough-scaled Sand Boa

African Sand Boa

Rubber Boa

Fiji Boa (+ newborn)

Jamaican Boa

Other Primitive Snakes

Red Pipesnake

Haitian Dwarf Boa

Round Island keel-scaled snake

Blind Snake Forms
(4 families)

w    Vestigial pelvic bones

w    Coronoid bone present

w    Left lung lost

w    Burrowing characteristics:

•    Skull bones fused

•    Head scutes reduced except large rostral scute

 

w    Burrowing characteristics (cont’d):

•    Ventral scutes reduced to equal dorsal scute size

•    Cylindrical body shape

•    Vestigial eyes under head scutes

Family Typhlopidae = majority of blind snakes
163 species (but low diversity of form)

Family Typhlopidae

w    Range: Some on each continent, primarily tropics / subtropics

w    Physical characteristics:

•    Blind snake form

•    Moveable toothed upper jaw

•    Toothless lower jaw

Family Typhlopidae

w    Habitat: grasslands, scrub, and rainforests

w    Burrowers

w    Feeding: mainly ants and termites

w    Oviparous or ovoviviparous (Flowerpot snake is all female, parthenogenic)

Flowerpot Snake

Southern Blind Snake

Prongsnout Blind Snake

Beaked Blind Snake

Madagascar Blind Snake

Other Blind Snakes

Western Thread Snake

Slender Thread Snake

Shieldtail Snake

Dawn Blind Snake