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Frogs and Toads– Part 3

Herpetoculture

Pensacola Jr College

Hylidae = marsupial frogs, tree frogs, spring peepers, cricket frogs

Family Hylidae

w    Range: N and S America, Eurasia, Australia

w    Physical characteristics:

•    0.5 – 3.5 inches long

•    Flattened slender body

•    Long legs with webbed feet

•    Digits: flexible with extra cartilage, circular disks on tips

Family Hylidae

w    Physical characteristics:

•    Loose belly skin

•    External small tympanum

•    No parotid glands

•    No bicornuate tongue

w    Arboreal

w    Nocturnal

w    Many can change colors

Family Hylidae

w    Reproduction:

•    Congregate, male chorusing at breeding season

•    Large numbers of eggs (from 200 in marsupial frog to 1000 in spring peepers) laid in or above water

•    A few days incubation

•    Most tadpoles free-swimming

•    Parental care varies

 

Southern Cricket Frog

Little Grass Frog

Mountain Chorus Frog

Spotted Chorus Frog

Boreal Chorus Frog

Southern Chorus Frog

Ornate Chorus Frog

Strecker’s Chorus Frog

Western Chorus Frog

Pacific Chorus Frog

Lowland Burrowing Frog

Spring Peeper

Pine Barrens Treefrog

Green Treefrog

Barking Treefrog

Pine Woods Treefrog

Squirrel Treefrog

Gray Treefrog

Bird-voiced Treefrog

Canyon Treefrog

Cuban Treefrog

Mexican Treefrog

Dendrobatidae =  poison-arrow /
poison dart frogs

Family Dendrobatidae

w    Range: Central and northern South America

w    Physical characteristics:

•    0.5 – 2 inches long

•    Thin and with more of a “snout” than other frogs

•    Brightly colored smooth skin

•    Potent skin toxins

Family Dendrobatidae

w    Physical characteristics:

•    Adhesive disks on fingertips

•    2 scutes on upper surface of each toe

•    Tiny external tympanum

w    Diurnal, high activity level

w    Terrestrial or partly arboreal

w    Live in tropical rainforests

 

Family Dendrobatidae

w    Reproduction:

•    Territorial (both sexes) with aggressive displays and competition for mates

•    Few large yolked eggs (usually 4 – 6, can be up to 40)

•    Eggs guarded and moistened by male or female

•    2 – 3 weeks to hatching

Family Dendrobatidae

w    Reproduction:

•    Tadpoles carried on back of male or female to water source

•    10 weeks to metamorphosis

•    In some species: individually placed in bromeliad cups, female returns and lays infertile eggs for tadpoles

•    Froglets extremely small

Poison-dart frogs

Poison-dart Frogs

Breeding Captive Anurans

w    Determine breeding needs of individual species:

•    Habitat / substrate

•    Social / behavioral

•    Space considerations

•    Environmental inducement to breed (photoperiod, temperature, humidity, rainfall)

Breeding Captive Anurans

w    Maintaining eggs:

•    Moisture / temp for hatching

•    Chemicals in water

w    Raising tadpoles:

•    Avoid overcrowding

•    Water quality

•    2x / day fed fish flakes, greens

•    Water temps for survival, growth, metamorphosis

Breeding Captive Anurans

w    Raising froglets:

•    Move to appropriate substrate at metamorphosis

•    Consider feeding needs of smaller frogs

•    Calcium / D3 supplementation